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Working Solution Calculator
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▼ C1V1 = C2V2 ▼
Working Solution Recipe
Composition of working solution:

How to Use the Working Solution Calculator

Enter your stock concentration (C1), desired working concentration (C2) and final working volume (V2). Click Calculate to get the exact volume of stock to add and the volume of diluent required. The visual bar shows the ratio of stock to diluent at a glance.

The Working Solution Formula

V1 (stock to add) = C2 × V2 / C1
Diluent volume = V2 − V1

C1 = stock concentration  |  C2 = working concentration  |  V2 = final total volume  |  V1 = volume of stock to add

Common Working Solution Examples

10× PBS → 1× PBS
Stock: 10×, Working: 1×, Final volume: 500 mL
V1 = (1 × 500) / 10 = 50 mL stock
Diluent = 450 mL water
1 M Tris → 50 mM Tris
Stock: 1000 mM, Working: 50 mM, Final: 100 mL
V1 = (50 × 100) / 1000 = 5 mL stock
Diluent = 95 mL water
10% SDS → 0.1% SDS
Stock: 10% w/v, Working: 0.1% w/v, Final: 200 mL
V1 = (0.1 × 200) / 10 = 2 mL stock
Diluent = 198 mL
100 mM EDTA → 1 mM EDTA
Stock: 100 mM, Working: 1 mM, Final: 50 mL
V1 = (1 × 50) / 100 = 0.5 mL stock
Diluent = 49.5 mL

About Working Solutions in the Laboratory

A working solution is the final, ready-to-use concentration of a reagent used directly in an experiment. It is typically prepared fresh from a concentrated stock solution immediately before use. This approach keeps stock solutions stable for longer and reduces waste.

Common examples include preparing 1× running buffer from 10× stock, diluting antibodies for Western blot or ELISA, preparing DMSO drug dilutions for cell assays and making working concentrations of enzyme substrates or inhibitors.

📋 Units must match
C1 and C2 must be in compatible units. If your stock is in mM and working in µM, the calculator converts automatically using the same base unit.
🔬 × (fold) dilutions
For buffer concentrates like 10× PBS, 5× loading dye or 20× SSC, use the × (fold) unit. Enter 10× stock and 1× working concentration.
⚠️ C2 must be less than C1
You can only dilute a stock, not concentrate it. Working concentration must always be lower than (or equal to) stock concentration.
🧪 Prepare fresh when needed
Many working solutions (e.g. DTT, certain antibiotics, DMSO drug dilutions) should be prepared fresh. Do not store working dilutions unless validated for stability.
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