| Protocol / Application | RPM* | RCF (×g) | Time | Temp | Notes |
|---|
How to Use the Centrifuge Speed Reference
Search: Type a protocol name (e.g. bacteria, mitochondria, DNA) to filter the table instantly.
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RCF vs RPM: Always use RCF (×g) as your primary reference when following protocols from different labs. RPM values vary depending on rotor radius — two rotors running at the same RPM can produce very different centrifugal forces.
About Centrifugation
Centrifugation separates components of a mixture based on their density, size, and shape by applying centrifugal force. The key parameter is RCF (Relative Centrifugal Force), expressed as multiples of gravitational acceleration (×g).
RCF (×g) = 1.118 × 10⁻⁵ × r × RPM²
RPM = √(RCF / (1.118 × 10⁻⁵ × r))
// where r = rotor radius in cm (from axis to sample)
// Use the Centrifugation Calculator for exact conversions
Types of Centrifuges
Microcentrifuges (benchtop): 1,000–21,000 × g, used for small volumes (0.5–2.0 mL tubes). Refrigerated centrifuges: 300–10,000 × g, for cell culture (15/50 mL conical tubes). High-speed centrifuges: 10,000–100,000 × g, for bacteria and organelles. Ultracentrifuges: up to 600,000 × g, for ribosomes, viruses, and subcellular fractionation.
Important Safety Notes
Always balance opposite tubes within 0.1 g. Never run a centrifuge unbalanced — rotor failure can be catastrophic. Check tubes for cracks or damage before use. Do not exceed the maximum speed rating of the rotor. Use appropriate tubes rated for the g-force being applied.